Persistencia bacteriana: un fenotipo celular de importancia clínica en infecciones crónicas y recurrentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n1.11Palabras clave:
Sistemas toxina-antitoxina, Biopelículas, Farmacorresistencia bacterianaResumen
Los persistentes bacterianos son variantes transitorias de una población genéticamente homogénea, generada por exposición al estrés, como el que ocurre durante el tratamiento antibiótico. Es un fenómeno epigenético o un fenotipo no heredado, que puede ser llamado primera línea de defensa antes de que se adquiera la resistencia antimicrobiana. A pesar de su descubrimiento hace más de 70 años, su definición, mecanismos de formación, clasificación y morfologías adoptadas de implicancia clínica son temas de investigación actual. En el presente estudio se describe la relación de persistentes con infecciones crónicas y formación de biopelículas como factores importantes en la recaída, recidivas y mayor virulencia en las infecciones. Así mismo, se hace una revisión breve de los diversos mecanismos implicados en la persistencia bacteriana y su eliminación ineficaz por tolerancia antibiótica para terminar con la presentación de posibles estrategias de tratamiento. En conjunto, se cree que la persistencia impone una carga significativa de atención en salud pública, que se estima, provocará hasta 10 millones de víctimas al año para el 2050. Una mejor comprensión de este fenotipo es fundamental en la lucha contra las bacterias patógenas con la finalidad de obtener una mejor perspectiva en las terapias futuras.
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